While medical conditions are not thought to underlie most cases of coprophagy, dog poop eating is noted to be an occasional symptom of diseases like Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI). When a dog’s pancreas is unable to produce the proper enzymes, the food that the dog ingests cannot be properly broken down and absorbed by the body. Thus, the dog may develop an insatiable appetite for pre-digested material, which she might find to be ever-so-conveniently deposited by fellow pups at the park.

In addition to EPI, dogs that are not being fed a proper diet may develop one or more nutrient deficiencies, whose symptoms can present across multiple organ systems. Dogs that are lacking sufficient supply of various nutrients, particularly thiamine, have been observed to be more likely to be coprophagic.

Like many dog behaviors and conditions, coprophagy is much more likely to occur in some dog breeds rather than in others. Do you have a labrador or golden retriever dog? If so, you may (or may not!) be surprised to learn that your pup is nearly twice as likely to eat poop compared to any other breed of dog. More generally, dogs weighing between 51-100 pounds are nearly 50% more likely to engage in this behavior than small-, medium-, and giant-sized dog breeds.

While we don’t have a precise explanation for why certain dog breeds seem more likely to eat poop, a gene coding for what the researchers call “food obsession” was discovered just months ago in Labrador Retrievers. As pet parents of these dogs will often acknowledge, the “food obsession” trait does often lead the dog to eventually consume other things, including poop.

Coprophagy is significantly more common in dogs with anxiety than in dogs without it. Canine anxiety can manifest in behaviors such as tail-chasing, excessive barking, and compulsive behaviors like licking or biting. It is thought that poop-eating, like some of these other behaviors, may serve as a temporary distraction from anxiety-related discomfort. Additionally, it has been shown that anxious dogs will engage in coprophagy regardless of whether food is present, so this theory does not rest on the idea that the dog may be hungry or “stress-eating.”

While we don’t have a precise explanation for why certain dog breeds seem more likely to eat poop, a gene coding for what the researchers call “food obsession” was discovered just months ago in Labrador Retrievers. As pet parents of these dogs will often acknowledge, the “food obsession” trait does often lead the dog to eventually consume other things, including poop.

Long ago, when the wild ancestors of today’s domesticated dogs were roughing it outdoors in dens, coprophagy may have served a real purpose: to prevent the spread of pathogens in their living area. Fresh poop, while it may be smellier and more disgusting than dried poop, is less likely to contain viable disease-causing pathogens. This is because the eggs of parasites like roundworms, giardia, and coccidia can take days or even weeks to ripen and become a real threat. Thus, our dogs’ ancestors may have “picked up” their dens by consuming fresh feces. This kept older, potentially more harmful stool from infecting their living area with parasites and spreading diseases to the pack. A recent study found that today’s poop-eating dogs very rarely consume poop that is more than two days old.